South Florida's drinking water has become increasingly threatened by shrinking wetlands, algal blooms, and now, saltwater intrusion.
Do you know where your drinking water comes from? Subscribe to the Daily newsletter. Fast Company's trending stories delivered to you every day Privacy Policy | Fast Company Newsletters I'm involved in this work as an ecosystem ecologist. The risks I see suggest continuing to restore the Everglades is more crucial today than ever. What happened to the Everglades? The Florida Everglades is a broad mosaic of freshwater, sawgrass marshes, cypress domes and tree islands, mangrove forests, and seagrass meadows all connected by water. But it is half its original size. In the early 1900s, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began installing canals and levees to control flooding in the Everglades, which allowed people to build farms and communities along its edges. The Tamiami Trail became the first road across the Everglades in 1928. It connected Tampa to Miami, but the road and canals cut off or diverted some of the natural water flow in South Florida. Since then, Florida's economy, agriculture, and population have exploded—and with them has come a nutrient pollution problem in the Everglades. The major crop, sugarcane, is grown in a region south of Lake Okeechobee covering 1,100 square miles that's known as the Everglades Agricultural Area. Nearly 80 tons of phosphorus fertilizer from federally subsidized farm fields runs off into the Everglades wetlands each year. And that has become a water quality concern. Drinking water with elevated nitrogen is linked to human health problems, and elevated phosphorus and associated algal blooms can cause microbes to accumulate toxins such as mercury. Healthy wetlands can filter out those nutrients and other pollutants, cleaning the water. Some of the ways the Everglades filters water contaminated with phosphorus. [Image: South Florida Water Management District] Rain falling in the Everglades percolates through the porous limestone and recharges the Biscayne Aquifer, which supplies drinking water for 1 in 3 Floridians. But…