Tracing the history of the earliest animals offers clues to whether the birth of the neuron was a one-time event

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Neurons in the memory-associated entorhinal cortex of super-agers are significantly larger than their cognitively average peers, those with MCI, and even in people up to 30 years younger. Additionally, these neurons contained no signs of Tau, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.

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A newly constructed brain map shows every single neuron and how they are wired together in the brains of fruit fly larvae.

Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by the spontaneous repetition of seizures caused by the hyperactivity of a group of neurons in the brain. Could we therefore reduce neuronal hyperactivity, and treat epilepsy, by reducing the amount of energy supplied to neurons and necessary for their proper functioning? Researchers discovered that, in mice, the seizures were actually…

MIT associate professor Mark Harnett studies the electrical properties of neurons and how they enable neural circuits to perform the computations that give rise to brain functions such as learning, memory, and sensory perception.

Glial cells account for roughly 90% of all human brain cells, and serve a variety of important developmental, structural, and metabolic functions. Recent experimental efforts suggest that astrocytes, a type of glial cell, are also directly involved in core cognitive processes such as learning and memory. While it is well-established that astrocytes and neurons are connected to one another in feedback loops across…

The CL1 biological computer, manufactured by the Australian company Cortical Labs, is designed for biomedical research, but also promises to deliver a more fast-paced and energy-efficient computing system

A specific set of socially tuned neurons fire across multiple regions across the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala at different times during mutual eye contact. The brain regions are recruited to compute selective aspects of interactive social gaze, suggesting the importance of a more contemplative role during social gaze interactions.

Destroying senescent cells in the aging stem cell niche enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in mice, researchers report.

The brain has neurons that fire specifically during certain mathematical operations. The findings indicate that some of the neurons detected are active exclusively during additions, while others are active during subtractions. They respond in the same manner whether the calculation instruction is written down as a word or a symbol.

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Researchers at MIT have demonstrated how dendrites — branch-like extensions that protrude from neurons — help neurons perform computations on information that comes in from other parts of the brain.

Raúl Mojica Soto-Albors, a PhD candidate in brain and cognitive sciences at MIT, seeks to understand the rules of plasticity that underlie neuronal behavior.

Post-mortem brains of SuperAgers reveal significantly larger neurons in memory region. SuperAger neurons are even larger than those in individuals 20 to 30 years younger These neurons do not have tau tangles that are a hallmark of Alzheimer's Larger neurons in the brain's memory region

Roughly two decades ago, a strategy called optogenetics emerged to control brain activity with lasers. It uses viruses to insert genes into cells that make them sensitive to light. Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience by giving researchers a precise way to excite or suppress brain circuits.

MIT neuroscientists discovered a population of food-responsive neurons located in the ventral visual stream, alongside populations that respond specifically to faces, bodies, places, and words.

In recent years, artificial intelligence has become ubiquitous, with applications such as speech interpretation, image recognition, medical diagnosis, and many more. At the same time, quantum technology has been proven capable of computational power well beyond the reach of even the world's largest supercomputer. Physicists at the University of Vienna have now demonstrated a new device, called the quantum…

We use GPT-4 to automatically write explanations for the behavior of neurons in large language models and to score those explanations. We release a dataset of these (imperfect) explanations and scores for every neuron in GPT-2.