Cytosol

Autophagy is a process used by cells as a recycling system to transport and break down organelles and other cytosolic components, which become enveloped in a membrane called the autophagosome. When this involves the removal of damaged mitochondria, it is known as mitophagy.

Crossing the membrane is a major challenge on the journey through the cell. Large biomolecules usually benefit from different transport strategies to overcome the lipid bilayer, so the design and synthesis of new carriers is key for the delivery of hydrophilic substances, such as pharmaceuticals, into the cell. Among these transporters, those using light as stimulus are particularly appealing due to their high…

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A research team led by Dr. Gary Ying Wai Chan from the School of Biological Sciences at The University of Hong Kong (HKU), has revealed the function of a unique enzyme, ANKLE1. ANKLE1 acts on chromatin bridges that are trapped in the midzone of the dividing cells. By cutting these bridges, ANKLE1 prevents damage to the genetic material and stops the immune system from mistakenly attacking the body's own cells.

A new study sheds light on the organization of proteins within mitochondria. Mitochondria, the "powerhouses" of cells, play a crucial role in the energy production of organisms and are involved in various metabolic and signaling processes. Researchers from the University Hospital Bonn and the Unive

Dopamine is best known as a neurotransmitter. What is rather unknown, however, is that the underwater glue used by mussels contains large amounts of L-Dopa molecules, an analog of dopamine.

To the untrained eye, a cryo-electron tomogram looks more like traces in sand than the detailed snapshot of a cell it is.

Chloroplasts of algae and plants are the cellular engines that convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. These organelles, bounded by an envelope with two membranes, contain their own genome whose expression is tightly coordinated with that of the nuclear genome. The majority of chloroplast proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, translated in the cytosol as precursor proteins containing a…

Many age-related diseases share a common feature: the mitochondria of cells begin to malfunction. While the cause is not known, Buck Institute scientists have discovered a new mechanism of how mitochondria start to go wrong, which opens new doors for researchers to explore how to begin to fix the problem.

Researchers have discovered a molecular pathway that allows cells to sense when their lipid supplies become depleted, prompting a flurry of activity that prevents starvation. The findings might someday lead to new ways to combat metabolic disorders and a variety of other health conditions.

By developing a tool to visualize the membrane association and activation status of normal and oncogenic proteins, scientists have established the basis for innovative drug discovery.

Researchers have discovered another way tumor cells transfer genetic material to other cells in their microenvironment, causing cancer to spread.

University of Notre Dame researchers have discovered another way tumor cells transfer genetic material to other cells in their microenvironment, causing cancer to spread.

Floods of calcium that originate from hippocampal neurons can also boost learning, a new study reports.

MIT researchers characterize the first-ever evidence of extensive and stable inter-kingdom contacts between a pathogen and a eukaryotic organelle in R. parkeri, a less virulent strain of the pathogen that causes the sometimes-lethal tick-born illness Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.

Chromosome-containing micronuclei are a hallmark of aggressive cancers. Micronuclei frequently undergo irreversible collapse, exposing their enclosed chromatin to the cytosol. Micronuclear rupture catalyzes chromosomal rearrangements, epigenetic ...

Gas vesicles are hollow structures made of protein found in the cells of certain microorganisms, and researchers at Rice University believe they can be programmed for use in biomedical applications.

There are competing theories about the origin of the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.

The search for definitive biosignatures -- unambiguous markers of past or present life -- is a central goal of paleobiology and astrobiology.